In recent years, in order to achieve comprehensive economic development and drive people in poverty-stricken areas to embark on a new path of poverty alleviation and wealth creation, the country is vigorously implementing agricultural machinery purchase subsidies to benefit farmers. Various technologies and equipment are being used to expand the variety of agricultural machinery, and the number of agricultural machinery invested in rural areas is also constantly increasing. Because at present, a large part of rural areas still lack professional personnel in the process of using agricultural machinery, which makes it difficult to operate the machinery correctly. Farmers do not understand the common sense of operation and maintenance of agricultural machinery, resulting in unnecessary damage to its components and causing unnecessary losses to agricultural machinery users. Therefore, the government and relevant departments should provide training on the operation techniques and maintenance methods of agricultural machinery for users based on actual situations, optimize the status and efficiency of agricultural machinery operations, and fully realize the value of agricultural machinery.

I. Common knowledge of engine maintenance for agricultural machinery

1. Engine running in

In the early stages of using agricultural machinery, it is necessary to conduct sufficient running in to ensure that the engine can enter a normal operating state, laying the foundation for subsequent use. During the operation of agricultural machinery, it is important to ensure that the diesel engine has a longer service life. Whether it is a brand new engine or a diesel engine that has undergone significant repairs, it should be thoroughly and reasonably run in according to the instructions before being put into use.

2. Common knowledge of oil purification, water purification, and gas purification

In the process of using agricultural machinery, oil purification, water purification, and air purification are important links for maintenance and repair. Because diesel is the main fuel used in the operation of agricultural machinery engines, if diesel is impure or mixed with impurities, it will cause irreversible wear and damage to certain precision components in the agricultural machinery engine, gradually increasing the gap between each component, resulting in adverse phenomena such as oil dripping, oil leakage, and insufficient fuel supply pressure. At the same time, the diesel of agricultural machinery diesel engines may also experience combustion deterioration and power reduction, affecting the normal operation of agricultural machinery. The same goes for engine oil. Once the oil is impure, it will cause wear between the shaft neck and the bearing shell, and in severe cases, it can also cause oil passage blockage. If the air is impure and mixed with a large amount of dust, it will have a negative impact on the service life of cylinder liners, pistons, and piston rings, causing damage to these components under prolonged excessive wear. If the cooling water in the engine is not clean, it will affect the engine's cooling system, increase the scale in the cooling system, affect the normal heat dissipation function of the engine, and cause abnormal temperature rise of the engine.

During the use of the engine, it is easy to be affected by external factors, resulting in loose components. Users should regularly inspect and tighten the engine parts to prevent excessive vibration and uneven load during operation, which may cause loosening of bolts, nuts, and other components and pose a threat to normal agricultural machinery operation. Especially for components such as connecting rods, cylinder heads, and flywheel housings, the connecting bolts at the joints should be checked in a timely manner to eliminate safety hazards. The oil and water in the engine should also be kept as sufficient as possible while ensuring their purity. If there is a interruption or shortage of diesel and air supply, it will affect the normal start of the engine, suppress the full combustion of diesel, and reduce the power of the engine. If the cooling water supply in the engine is not timely or sufficient, it will cause the engine temperature to be too high, reducing the service life of the engine.

II. Common knowledge of maintenance for agricultural machinery and harvesters

During the use of agricultural machinery, users should regularly and promptly clear the accumulated weeds, debris, etc. outside the harvester, and promptly and fully clean up the crops, rice bran, soil, etc. in the harvester; Secondly, during the operation of the agricultural machinery harvester, users should ensure that every part can receive sufficient lubrication to avoid adverse effects on the harvester caused by excessive friction between various components. Thirdly, users should regularly wipe and maintain the oil or spray paint on various covers, thin iron parts, and other parts of the harvester to avoid rusting of the harvester shell due to the lack of protective layer. Fourthly, in the process of agricultural production, users must promptly check the tightness of the triangular belt of the harvester. When it is too loose or too tight, reasonable adjustments need to be made to avoid the operation of the harvester being affected by the tightness of the triangular belt. Fifth, any agricultural machinery needs to be cleaned and maintained after use. Users should classify and place the machinery while ensuring its normal function, pay attention to the storage environment of the machinery, and consider factors such as light and humidity. Cover easily weathered parts such as tires. In areas with dense power lines, overhead treatment should also be carried out.

III. Maintenance of agricultural machinery components

1. Maintenance of precision parts for agricultural machinery

The maintenance of agricultural machinery components should first start from the precise parts. For agricultural machinery parts that are used infrequently or temporarily unused, users should not rush to open them and expose them to the air. Instead, they should store them in a ventilated and dry place to ensure that precision components are not corroded by moisture in the air or affected by factors such as light. For parts that have been used but will not be used temporarily, users should perform reasonable cleaning work to ensure the cleanliness of the interior of the parts. Users should use standardized cleaning agents or diesel to clean components and remove carbon deposits and other contaminants. At the same time, attention should be paid to the assembly of precision components to avoid the impact of missing parts on the later use of agricultural machinery.

2. Maintenance of agricultural machinery springs

For the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery, users of agricultural machinery should also pay attention to the maintenance of the springs. For example, the torsion springs, plunger springs, and fuel injector pressure regulating springs in agricultural machinery should be regularly coated with grease according to the specific environment and usage situation, and packaged in plastic bags to avoid direct contact between the springs and air and moisture. User? It is necessary to avoid direct contact between the springs of agricultural machinery and the outside air to prevent rusting and reduce the service life of agricultural machinery.

3. Maintenance of agricultural machinery bearings

During the use of agricultural machinery, bearings are also a crucial component. During the maintenance process, users should pay special attention to the performance and condition of parts such as bearing shells, copper sleeves, powder metallurgy bushings, etc., and maintain them according to standardized operation and maintenance requirements. In the process of bearing maintenance, it is necessary to always ensure the integrity of the oil and wax layer, and to avoid deformation or corrosion caused by collision between the bearing and other miscellaneous parts.

4. Maintenance of rubber products for agricultural machinery

For the maintenance of rubber products for agricultural machinery, users can use methods such as oil seals and waterproof rings to extend the service life of agricultural machinery. Even oil resistant rubber products should be protected from oil when stored. In addition, because rubber products of agricultural machinery are prone to weathering and require high conditions such as humidity, temperature, and light, it is necessary to avoid damage to rubber products such as exposure to sunlight, baking, and immersion during maintenance.

At present, in the application process of agricultural machinery in rural areas of China, a large number of agricultural machinery users do not have comprehensive knowledge of the operation of agricultural machinery, resulting in the inability to receive timely maintenance and upkeep during use, greatly reducing the efficiency of agricultural machinery use. So relevant units should vigorously promote the standardized operation methods of agricultural machinery to agricultural machinery users, improve their efficiency in using agricultural machinery, optimize the process of operating and maintaining agricultural machinery, and increase the service life of agricultural machinery.


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